flint_glass material model

1. Introduction

This page contains the OghmaNano material model for flint_glass (SiO2-PbO (lead flint)).

Flint glass (high-dispersion lead flint, F2 archetype), passive optical medium

The model is written in Lua and provides simulation-ready material parameterisations for use within OghmaNano. For documentation, licensing, references, and information about the scope and accuracy of these models, see the material scripting documentation.

2. Lua material model

-- See end of file for copyright, licensing and documentation links.

local material = {}

-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Flint glass is a PASSIVE OPTICAL DIELECTRIC, not a semiconductor.
-- The electronic/transport entries used for the semiconductor and
-- absorber material files (band gap, electron affinity, Nc/Nv, carrier
-- mobilities, radiative/Auger/SRH recombination) have NO physical
-- meaning for an insulating optical glass with no free carriers, and
-- have therefore been removed. The amorphous glass also has no
-- crystalline lattice constant, so that entry is removed too.
--
-- What remains are the properties that actually define an optical
-- glass: refractive index, dispersion (Abbe number), the optical
-- permittivity (n^2), and bulk thermal/mechanical properties.
-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------


function material.name()
	local enabled = true

	return "flint_glass", enabled
end


function material.description()
	local enabled = true

	return "Flint glass (high-dispersion lead flint, F2 archetype), passive optical medium", enabled
end


function material.formula()
	local enabled = true

	-- Glasses are amorphous mixtures with no stoichiometric formula;
	-- traditional flint glasses are SiO2-PbO lead silicates (the PbO
	-- raises both the index and the dispersion).
	return "SiO2-PbO (lead flint)", enabled
end



function material.epsilonr(state)
	-- Relative permittivity (OPTICAL)
	-- Dimensionless
	--
	-- Reference:
	-- Optical value epsilon = n_d^2 = 1.6200^2 ~ 2.624, i.e. the
	-- high-frequency permittivity relevant to electromagnetic (FDTD /
	-- ray-tracing) propagation through the glass.
	--
	-- Note: the low-frequency / DC permittivity of lead flint glass is
	-- considerably higher (~7-9, raised by the PbO content). For a
	-- passive optical medium the OPTICAL value is the operative one and
	-- is returned here.

	local enabled = true
	local value = 2.624

	return value, enabled
end


function material.thermal_conductivity(state)
	-- Thermal conductivity
	-- Units: W m^-1 K^-1
	--
	-- Reference:
	-- SCHOTT F2 datasheet, kappa ~ 0.78 W/m/K at ~300 K.
	--
	-- Note: lower than crown glass; the heavy PbO network conducts
	-- heat less well.

	local enabled = true
	local value = 0.78

	return value, enabled
end


function material.heat_capacity(state)
	-- Specific heat capacity
	-- Units: J kg^-1 K^-1
	--
	-- Reference:
	-- SCHOTT F2 datasheet, c_p ~ 557 J/kg/K at ~300 K. Approximate.
	--
	-- Note: lower than crown glass owing to the heavy Pb content.

	local enabled = true
	local value = 557.0

	return value, enabled
end


function material.density(state)
	-- Mass density
	-- Units: kg m^-3
	--
	-- Reference:
	-- SCHOTT F2 datasheet, rho = 3.61 g/cm^3.
	--
	-- Note: denser than crown glass because of PbO; dense flints
	-- (SF-series) are denser still (~4.5-5.5 g/cm^3).

	local enabled = true
	local value = 3610.0

	return value, enabled
end


function material.print()
	local state = {
		T = 300.0,
		x = 0.0,
		y = 0.0,
		z = 0.0,
		photon_density = 0.0,
	}

	print(string.format("Material:               %s", material.name()))
	print(string.format("Description:            %s", material.description()))
	print(string.format("Formula:                %s", material.formula()))
	print(string.format("Temperature:            %.2f K", state.T))
	print(string.format("Position:               %.6e, %.6e, %.6e m", state.x, state.y, state.z))

	print(string.format("Optical permittivity:   %.6f", material.epsilonr(state)))

	print(string.format("Thermal conductivity:   %.6e W/m/K", material.thermal_conductivity(state)))
	print(string.format("Heat capacity:          %.6e J/kg/K", material.heat_capacity(state)))
	print(string.format("Mass density:           %.6e kg/m^3", material.density(state)))
end

return material

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-- All rights reserved.
--
-- This file is part of the OghmaNano Materials Model Library.
--
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-- https://www.oghma-nano.com
--
-- Documentation and accuracy statement:
-- https://www.oghma-nano.com/manual/material-scripts.html
--
-- These material models are provided to support scientific research and
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